The American Golden Dome

Officially launched in January 2025, the Golden Dome Program represents one of the most ambitious defense initiatives ever announced by the United States government. Conceived by President Donald Trump, the project seeks to create a multi-layered missile defense system capable of protecting all of US territory against modern threats – including ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles, technologies that are rapidly evolving in various countries.

Source: www.lockheedmartin.com

The Golden Dome proposal is based on a simple but extremely complex principle to execute: detecting, tracking, and intercepting any enemy missile at all stages of an attack, from launch to final approach to the target. To achieve this, the program envisions the integrated use of ground-based, air-based, and, most importantly, a vast constellation of satellites, comprised of hundreds of platforms capable of monitoring space and the surface in real time.

In practice, the Golden Dome's operation would be divided into three main stages. First, detection, based on advanced sensors distributed on the ground, in the air, and in orbit, with the ability to identify a missile in the early stages of its trajectory. Next, tracking, carried out – mainly – by satellites, which would follow the projectile's path with precision. Finally, the most critical stage: interception, which may involve the use of specific missiles or even directed energy weapons, such as lasers, designed to neutralize the threat before it reaches US territory.

The project has been described as a modern evolution of the famous Reagan-era Strategic Defense Initiative – nicknamed "Star Wars" at the time – which, despite never being fully implemented, profoundly shaped the debate on space defense.

Just like back then, the Golden Dome also sparks skepticism. Experts point to significant challenges in the timeline, considered aggressive given the goal of making the system operational before the end of Trump's term in 2029. There are also questions about the total cost, estimated at US$ 175 billion, with an initial investment of US$ 25 billion, as well as political doubts about the acquisition and technological integration process.

Leadership of the program has been assigned to the Space Force, which will necessarily have to coordinate with the Air Force, industry, and technology agencies to turn the concept into reality.

Many comparisons have been made between the Golden Dome and other existing systems, especially the Israeli Iron Dome, widely known for its effectiveness against short-range rockets. However, while the Iron Dome operates in a regional scenario and against specific threats, the Golden Dome seeks something much broader: a complete shield for the entire territory of the United States, encompassing a more diverse and advanced range of threats.

If it manages to overcome technical, political, and financial barriers, the Golden Dome could redefine the role of space defense in the 21st century. But for now, it remains a monumental project - visionary, controversial, and challenging - that promises to shape strategic debates for years to come.